Session
Organizer 1: Luca Belli, Center for Technology & Society at FGV
Organizer 2: Jhessica Reia, Fundação Getuio Vargas (FGV)
Organizer 3: Luã Fergus Oliveira da Cruz, Youth Observatory
Organizer 4: Raoul Plommer, Electronic Frontier Finland
Speaker 1: Yasodara Cordova, Technical Community, Latin American and Caribbean Group (GRULAC)
Speaker 2: Jhessica Reia, Civil Society, Latin American and Caribbean Group (GRULAC)
Speaker 3: Mathews Robert, Technical Community, Western European and Others Group (WEOG)
Speaker 4: Jean Philbert Nsengimana, Civil Society, African Group
Speaker 5: Paris Municipal Government Representative of the , Government, Western European and Others Group (WEOG)
Antti Poikola will present the MyData model, stressing its potential for individual empowerment with regard to the control of personal data Robert Mathews will scrutinise the security challenges and frequent failures of critical infrastructures and so-called “smart” systems
Nicholas Bramble, will discuss some of Google's thinking about smart cities and sustainable urban partnerships, and then will explore Google's plans for smart cities and IoT
Luca Belli, Senior Researcher/Head of Internet Governance, Fundação Getulio Vargas
Raoul Plommer
Sille Sepp (MyData Projetc) and Luã Fergus (FGV)
Round Table - 90 Min
Olga Cavalli, will explore the main benefits and challenges of smart cities and IoT in Latin America.
Nicholas Bramble, from Google, will debate Google's recent projects with regard to smart city services and will share his perspective on the future evolutions of this field.
Antti Poikola, from MyData.org, will present the MyData model, stressing its potential for individual empowerment with regard to the control of personal data
Robert Mathews will scrutinise the security challenges and frequent failures of critical infrastructures and so-called “smart” systems
Jean-Philbert Nsengimana, will analyse the potential of smart city services and open data utilisation for African countries in the context of the Smart Africa initiative
Jhessica Reia will discuss the main challenges related to smart city initiatives in the implementation of the New Urban Agenda over the next years.
Luca Belli will analyse some of the challenges related to personal data regulation in the context of Smart Cities, exploring the initial findings of the project “Discrimination vs. Data Control in Brazilian Smart Cities”, run by FGV and supported by the Open Society Foundations
The panel is gender-balanced and includes speakers from all UN Regional Groups and all stakeholder groups. Speakers have been chosen for their heterogeneous background and standpoints and for being IGF newcomers thus guaranteeing that fresh ideas and unexplored perspective will be analysed during the session.
The purpose of this session is to identify challenges, opportunities and new data governance models for the organization and provision of smart city services by private companies and public actors while ensuring the protection of citizens’ rights. The participants will analyse case studies illustrating both success-stories and flagrant failures in the organisation and provision of smart city services. Participants will analyse and compare a selection of existing models in order to identify of good practices and elaborate recommendations on data governance. We propose a discussion aimed at addressing the technical, legal and institutional complexities of existing data governance models in Smart Cities, with a particular focus on the tensions between the use of public data and the protection of personal data. The purpose of the workshop interactions will be to identify best practices in the area of privacy, security, transparency and democratic accountability in the context smart city services.
The workshop will be opened with a keynote by Dr Robert Mathews, University of Hawaii, exploring the risks and vulnerabilies of smart-city services. The first part of the workshop (around 45 minutes) will be dedicated to an interactive roundtable during which the panellists will provide provocative presentations of about 5 minutes each, exploring best as well as worst practices with regard to data privacy, data and infrastructure security and democratic accountability in the context of smart cities. After the round of presentations, the panellists will engage in an open and interactive debate with all workshop participants in a question and answer session that will last 35 to 40 minutes. Notably, this roundtable intends to be a space where participants can address concerns and share insights on alternative approaches and emerging initiatives, such as the MyData model, fostering innovative solutions for the development of sustainable data governance models worldwide.
The workshop will be opened with a keynote by Dr Robert Mathews.
Panellists will provide short and provocative presentations, illustrating case studies from different regions and different perspectives. Every panellist will have about 6 minutes to present his or her perspective in a provocative fashion, in order to trigger comments and reactions from the participants.
The “Smart City” formula has gained traction in academia, business and government to describe cities that, on the one hand, are increasingly composed of and monitored by pervasive and ubiquitous computing and, on the other, are striving to restructure their economy and governance based on innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship. This tendency has gained attention of those producing and utilising data to monitor, regulate, profit from, and make sense of the urbanisation process in both developed and developing countries. In such context, the hype and hope of big data analytics, open data and algorithmic governance is fostering a transformation in the knowledge and governance of cities through the exploitation of the “data deluge” that may provide much more sophisticated, wider-scale, finer-grained, real-time understanding and control of urbanity and city-dwellers. Given the role that such systems are likely to play in shaping urban governance and public policies and the impact that “Smart City” services will have - and are already having - on an incredible number of city dwellers, there is a pressing need to figure out how public managers and private companies are defining data governance in the context of smart cities policies. This includes the nature and production of urban big data, the composition and functioning of urban analytics and control centres related to smart cities, and the privacy and security implications of the adopted forms of governance for citizens on a global scale. As such, it is urgent to understand the regulatory and governance dimensions of Smart Cities, especially the ones related to personal data protection, and identify legal gaps that may allow social and economic discrimination, with particular regard to access to public services. Last but not least it is important to stress that, despite its incredible relevance, the smart city issue has never been explored before at the IGF.
Online participation will be promoted via various social networks (notably Twitter, Facebook and YouTube) to allow remote interventions and interactions with participants. The remote moderator will encourage remote participation through various social networking platforms in addition to the platform provided by the IGF Secretariat
To stimulate a dynamic format and facilitate interactions with the participants this workshop will feature two co-moderators, Luca Belli and Jhessica Reia, that will also act as speakers.
The workshop will follow the following agenda
First segment will be moderated by Luca Belli
Mr Robert Mathews, from University of Hawaii (and former White House senior official), will open the session exploring the security challenges and frequent failures of critical infrastructures and so-called “smart” systems.
Mr Nicholas Bramble, from Google, will debate Google's recent projects with regard to smart city services and will share his perspective on the future evolutions of this field
Ms Jhessica Reia, from FGV, will discuss the main challenges related to smart city initiatives in the implementation of the New Urban Agenda over the next years.
Brief pause: 3 questions from the participants
Second segment will be moderated by Jhessica Reia
Mr Jean-Philbert Nsengimana, from Smart Africa (and former ICT minister of Rwanda), will analyse the potential of smart city services and open data utilisation for African countries in the context of the Smart Africa initiative
Ms Olga Cavalli, from the South School of Internet Governance, will analyse the challenges of smart cities and IoT with regard to Latin America.
Mr Antti Poikola, from MyData.org and the University of Helsinki, will present the MyData model, stressing its potential for individual empowerment with regard to the control of personal data.
Mr Luca Belli, from FGV, will analyse some of the challenges related to personal data regulation in the context of Smart Cities, exploring the initial findings of the project “Discrimination vs. Data Control in Brazilian Smart Cities”, run by FGV and supported by the Open Society Foundations
Open debate
Wrap-up (1 min per participant)
The panelists will interrogate such questions as:
- How is the local population involved into the organization of smart city services?
- At which stage consultations are organized?
- What kind of information is shared (if any) prior to the local debates and by whom (i.e. the local government, NGOs, academics, smart city service providers)?
- How are procurement rules defined?
- How are procurements organised?
- What kind of control/governance is foreseen to manage public data and publicly owned digital infrastructure?
- What kind of measures are foreseen in order to keep the smart city infrastructures secure?
- Are personal data collected through smart city services shared with law enforcement? If so under what conditions?
- What kind of legal frameworks apply to personal as well as non-personal data collected in the context of smart city services ?
- What kind of control can individuals exert over their data?
- Are local residents’ data covered by any (intellectual) property right? If so who is the rightholder?
- What are the business models utilised to finance the development of smart city services? Are such business models clearly presented prior to the development of the services and described in openly accessible information? Can the local population express its preference for any proposed business models?
Report
- Session Type Workshop
- Title: Data Governance in SMART CITIES: From Open Data to My Data (IGF 2018 WS #320)
- Date & Time: Tuesday, 13 November, 2018 - 09:00 to 10:30
- Organizer(s): Organizer 1: Luca Belli, Fundação Getuio Vargas (FGV) Law School
Organizer 2: Jhessica Reia, Fundação Getuio Vargas (FGV)
Organizer 3: Luã Fergus Oliveira da Cruz, Youth Observatory
Organizer 4: Raoul Plommer, Electronic Frontier Finland
- Chair/Moderator: Luca Belli, FGV & Jhessica Reia, FGV
- Rapporteur/Notetaker: Luã Fergus Oliveira da Cruz, Youth Observatory
- List of speakers and their institutional affiliations (Indicate male/female/ transgender male/ transgender female/gender variant/prefer not to answer):
Olga Cavalli, (female) co founder of the South School of Internet Governance and Argentina's GAC representative at ICANN
Jhessica Reia, (female), Fundaçao Getulio Vargas (FGV)
Nicholas Bramble, (male) Google
Robert Mathews, University of Hawaii (male)
Jean-Philbert Nsengimana, (male) Smart Africa
Antti Poikola (male), MyData.org
- Theme (as listed here): Cybersecurity, Trust and Privacy
- Subtheme (as listed here): DATA PRIVACY & PROTECTION
- Please state no more than three (3) key messages of the discussion. [150 words or less]
- Given the role that such systems are likely to play in shaping urban governance and public policies and the impact that “Smart City” services will have - and are already having - on an incredible number of city dwellers, there is a pressing need to understand how public managers and private companies are defining data governance in the context of smart cities policies.
- It seems important to scrutinise the nature and production of urban big data, the composition and functioning of urban analytics and control centres related to smart cities, and the privacy and security implications of the adopted forms of governance for citizens on a global scale.
- It is urgent to understand the regulatory and governance dimensions of Smart Cities, especially the ones related to personal data protection and cybersecurity, and identify legal gaps that may allow social and economic discrimination, with particular regard to access to public services.
- Please elaborate on the discussion held, specifically on areas of agreement and divergence. [300 words] Examples: There was broad support for the view that…; Many [or some] indicated that…; Some supported XX, while others noted YY…; No agreement…
One of the points of agreement among the participants were the need for greater public participation in the elaboration of policies focused on the Smart Cities theme, and with all mentioning the city of Barcelona as a great example.
Reia and Cavalli focused their presentations on regional and local cases, presenting what practices are being carried out, with a special focus on Latin America (Rio, São Paulo, Mexico City, Santiago, Buenos Aires) and their historical problems of inequality (infrastructure and wealth). Reia deepened this debate by raising questions about the need to critically discuss the issue, as well as share and cooperate with other global forums such as UN-Habitat.
Belli and Poikola turned the focus of the debate on personal data protection, attempting to address the issue in a different way, by focusing on user control over their data through a human-centric perspective and rejecting the concept of data ownership.
- Please describe any policy recommendations or suggestions regarding the way forward/potential next steps. [200 words]
Make data publicly available without making it exclusive, and make sure anybody who wants to use this information to build within the city has the ability to do so.
Privacy Impact Assessment in Smart Cities
Real need for advocacy and serious research behind the hype of smart cities, in order to make sure that smart city initiatives are not used as mechanisms to reproduce exclusion and discrimination.
Ownership is not the way to start the discussion around smart cities because it puts up barriers from the start. The real question is: Who should have the right to learn about the data when we move to AI thinking?
Not being the owner but being the one that controls data.
- What ideas surfaced in the discussion with respect to how the IGF ecosystem might make progress on this issue? [150 words]
Co-operate with urban policy agenda (Habitat III) and discuss the challenges that smart cities might face over the coming years.
- Please estimate the total number of participants.
Around 60 participants. (Regrettably, at least 20 more participants have been expelled by UN staffclaiming the room was too full)
- Please estimate the total number of women and gender-variant individuals present.
Approximately 30 women (Some people in the room have been expelled by staff, so we do not have an exact count)
- To what extent did the session discuss gender issues, and if to any extent, what was the discussion? [100 words]
None
- Session outputs and other relevant links (URLs):
https://internet-governance.fgv.br/sites/internet-governance.fgv.br/fil…
https://www.researchgate.net/project/Discrimination-vs-Data-Control-in-Brazilian-Smart-Cities